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Suggested Citation
Bima, Luhur, Rezanti Putri Pramana, Dyan Widyaningsih, Hartika Arbiyanti, and Esha Adnan (2026) ‘Understanding Social Norms Related to Unpaid Care Work.’ Jakarta: The SMERU Research Institute <URL> [access date].
This chapter examines how circular economy practices enhance business productivity in Indonesia. Using large-scale local data, it finds that higher circularity is consistently associated with improved firm productivity, with the strongest effects observed in agriculture, particularly in value added and labour productivity.
While minimum wage policies are widely implemented to improve workers’ welfare, their effects on household food security remain underexplored. This study examines the role of district-level minimum wages in shaping household food security in Indonesia, focusing on Java Island.
Children in Indonesia, as is the case in any country, are acutely vulnerable to the negative consequences of poverty. Thus, identifying and recognizing the characteristics of children living in poverty is the first line of defense against a rising child poverty rate. This report examines the child poverty situation in Indonesia based on a monetary dimension analysis.
This report assesses the current situation of child welfare in Indonesia and encourages dialogue among policymakers on appropriate policy orientations. Children experience poverty and deprivation differently from adults, as they have specific needs and vulnerabilities as well as lack agency when it comes to realizing their rights.

