SMERU Publication

Research Report
Topic: Poverty, Vulnerability, & Inequality

Download Report (English, 2.6 MB, PDF)

ADDRESSING URBAN POVERTY
Increasing Learning on Urban Poverty Reduction in Kota Surakarta and Kota Makassar, Indonesia

RESEARCH TEAM

Research Advisor
Asep Suryahadi

SMERU Research Team
Rizki Fillaili (Team Leader), R.Justin Sodo, Prio Sambodho, Rachma Indah Nurbani, Herry Widjanarko, Kartawijaya, Abdul Ghofur, Rika Kumala Dewi, Mona Sintia, Ratri Indah Septiana

Regional Researchers

Kota Surakarta	Kota Makassar
Isnaini Rohmatulloh Histiraludin Wahyuning Tuti Widyaningrum Ardian Pratomo Denny Paulus	Suardi Bakri A.Muh. Syarief Hidayat Bustam Rikawati Edi Hariadi Nur Rahmah

ABSTRACT

With the growing intensity of urban problems, most notably poverty, it is imperative to identify the range of related aspects that help or hinder urban poverty reduction efforts. One emerging aspect is the role of city spatial planning in urban poverty reduction efforts. With the support from Ford Foundation, The SMERU Research Institute conducted a study to understand the connection between city spatial planning and urban poverty: how city spatial planning addresses urban poverty issues and the extent to which this planning is inclusive of the issues being experienced in the study areas. It is hoped that in the future, with an improved understanding of this connection, city spatial planning can be more pro-poor and supportive of urban poverty reduction efforts.

This study covered two selected cities, Kota Surakarta and Kota Makassar. Both cities are well known for their innovation in inventing and implementing local programs that aim to reduce poverty and other social problems. The study implemented the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) as its analytical framework and conducted the Participatory Poverty Assessment (PPA) as its data collection method. The study revealed two important findings: first, that the characteristics of poverty and poverty dynamics have spatial relevance. Results of the PPA show that during the last ten years, poor people in the inner city have been enjoying welfare improvement due to urban economic agglomeration. In relation to the spatial aspect of poverty, the urban poor are facing illegal settlement problems, clean water and sanitation, and unsustainable urban economy. The second finding is that the current city spatial planning in both of the studied cities pays only limited attention to spatial poverty problems, which is reflected in several of their major planning documents. Moreover, poverty reduction efforts in these two cities are still dominated by programmatic approaches and have not taken into account aspects of urban spatial poverty.

Key words: urban spatial poverty, city spatial planning, urban poverty reduction

LIST OF CONTENTS

RESEARCH TEAM
ABSTRACT
LIST OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF ABBREVIATION

I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
1.2 Objectives and Methodology
1.3 Structure of the Report

II. A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE REGION AND THE COMMUNITY’S LIVELIHOOD ASSETS CONDITION

2.1 Kota Surakarta

2.1.1 General Conditions and Poverty Trend
2.1.2 The Dynamics of People’s Livelihood Asset and Spatial Dimension of Urban Poverty: Result of Participatory Poverty Assessment

2.2 Kota Makassar

2.2.1 General Conditions and Poverty Trend
2.2.2 Dynamics of People's Livelihood Assets and Spatial Dimensions of Urban Poverty: Result of Participatory Poverty Assessment

2.3 Vulnerability Factors

2.3.1 Types, Levels, and Causes of Vulnerability
2.3.2 Vulnerable Groups
2.3.3 Impacts of Vulnerability to Livelihood Assets
2.3.4 Vulnerability in Spatial Dimension
2.3.5 Adaptive Strategy in Facing Vulnerability

III. THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF POVERTY REDUCTION AND CITY SPATIAL PLANNING

3.1 Regional Development Planning Process
3.2 City Spatial Planning Process
3.3 Analysis of Development and Spatial Planning Documents
3.4 Mapping of the Main Actors and Their Roles in Poverty Reduction and City Spatial Planning
3.5 Current Institutional Challenges

IV. EFFECTS OF PROGRAMS AND POLICIES ON PEOPLE’S LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES

4.1 Programs and Policies Related To Conditions of People’s Livelihood
4.2 Programs and Policies Related to Spatial Dimension of Poverty

V. WAY FORWARD: TOWARDS A MORE PRO POOR CITY SPATIAL PLANNING

5.1 Institutional challenges
5.2 Spatial Vulnerability
5.3 Recommendations for Way Forward
5.4 Future Challenges

LIST OF REFERENCES
APPENDIX 1. Detailed Research Activities
APPENDIX 2. Profile of Kelurahan PPA in Kota Surakarta and Kota Makassar
APPENDIX 3. Who Are the Poor?
APPENDIX 4. Stakeholder Mapping of Kota Surakarta Power and Interest on Poverty Mainstreaming in City Spatial Planning Stakeholder Mapping of Kota Makassar Power and Interest on Poverty Mainstreaming in City Spatial Planning
APPENDIX 5. SOAR Results – Kota Surakarta