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Research Report
Topic: Methods & Data, Social Protection

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Rapid Appraisal of the 2011 Data Collection of Social Protection Programs (PPLS 2011)

RESEARCH TEAM

SMERU Researchers
Hastuti, Syaikhu Usman, Bambang Sulaksono, R. Justin Sodo, Asri Yusrina, Rahmitha, Gracia Hadiwidjaja, Prio Sambodho

Field Researchers:
Basyri Nasution, Muhammad Imam Zamroni, Asep Kurniawan, Muhammad Badar

Translators:
Stephen Girschik, Mukti Mulyana, Budhi Adrianto

ABSTRACT

To support the implementation of numerous social protection programs and the development of a Unified Database for Social Protection Programs, Statistics Indonesia (BPS), in coordination with the National Team for Accelerating Poverty Reduction (TNP2K) and World Bank, conducted the 2011 Data Collection for Social Protection Programs (PPLS 2011). PPLS 2011 was implemented in order to build a unified database system containing information on all the 40% poorest households in Indonesia which will be used for the purpose of targeting social protection programs to eligible beneficiaries. To achieve this goal, around 45%-50% of low to lower middle socioeconomic households have been enumerated as part of the PPLS 2011 implementation.

In order to assess the quality of PPLS 2011, the SMERU Research Institute carried out a rapid appraisal of its implementation in four provinces covering eight kabupaten/kota, and sixteen villages/kelurahan. This appraisal was formulated based on interviews with BPS staffs in kabupaten/kota and kecamatan (KSK), regional government officials, field enumerators (PCL), field supervisors (PML) and 253 households. In this qualitative study, SMERU also observed training, data collection, data verification and data entry activities.

In this appraisal, SMERU finds that PPLS 2011 has a number of improvements compared to previous data collections used to determine social protection program beneficiaries, namely the 2005 Socioeconomic Census (PSE 2005) and the 2008 Data Collection for Social Protection Programs (PPLS 2008). Some of these improvements are: a far greater coverage of households, clearer Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), the use of pre-listed lists of households as starting points based on technical analysis of census data, the neutral association of PPLS 2011 to any programs, and the more detailed household information.Meanwhile general criticisms of PPLS 2011 are: the survey was perceived as being too centralized and/or insufficiently able to accommodate local socioeconomic characteristics, socialization to the community was limited, the criteria of low to lower middle socioeconomic households were not clear, and there were indications of possible under-coverage of households in some areas.

This study offers several important recommendations that may be useful for future rounds of data collection for social protection programs. First, a fine, precise and firm explanation on the purpose of PPLS should be given to all stakeholders, including the general population. Second, in order to get high quality partners, enumerators must be recruited through an open and objective recruitment process. Third, more precise and clearer definitions of what constitutes a low to lower middle socioeconomic household should be defined well in advance. Fourth, training and field supervision activities should be improved.

Keywords: poverty, unified database, middle to low socioeconomic household, social protection program.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF PICTURES
LIST OF BOXES
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
1.2 Research Aims
1.3 Research Methods

II. THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION OF PPLS 2011

2.1 The National Targeting System
2.2 Towards Data Unification
2.3 Targeting and Data Collection Methods

III. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2011 PPLS

3.1 Field Implementers
3.2 Socialization and Transparency of Information
3.3 Training
3.4 Determining Targeted Households
3.5 Household Data Collection
3.6 Monitoring and Evaluation
3.7 Data Entry
3.8 Responses to the Implementation of PPLS 2011

IV. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
LIST OF REFERENCES
APPENDIX

Go to English version

Kajian Cepat terhadap Pendataan Program Perlindungan Sosial (PPLS) 2011

TIM PENELITI

Peneliti SMERU
Hastuti, Syaikhu Usman, Bambang Sulaksono, R. Justin Sodo, Asri Yusrina, Rahmitha, Gracia Hadiwidjaja, Prio Sambodho

Peneliti Lapangan:
Basyri Nasution, Muhammad Imam Zamroni, Asep Kurniawan, Muhammad Badar

ABSTRAK

Dalam rangka mendukung pelaksanaan berbagai program perlindungan sosial dan pengembangan suatu basis data terpadu untuk berbagai program perlindungan sosial, Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (TNP2K) bekerjasama dengan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan Bank Dunia menyelenggarakan Pendataan Program Perlindungan Sosial (PPLS) 2011. PPLS2011 ini diselenggarakan untuk membangun sistem basis data terpadu yang mencakup 40% rerata nasional rumah tangga (ruta) dengan kondisi sosial ekonomi terendah di Indonesia dan dapat digunakan untuk penargetan seluruh program perlindungan sosial. Untuk itu, sekitar 45%–50% ruta menengah ke bawah akan dicacah melalui PPLS 2011.

Dalam rangka mengetahui kualitas pelaksanaannya, Lembaga Penelitian SMERU melakukan kajian cepat terhadap PPLS2011 di 4 provinsi yang meliputi 8 kabupaten/kota, dan 16 desa/kelurahan dengan mewawancarai staf BPS kabupaten/kota, koordinator statistik kecamatan, pemerintah daerah, petugas pencacah, petugas pemeriksa, dan 256 ruta. Dalam kajian kualitatif ini, SMERU juga melakukan observasi terhadap kegiatan pelatihan, pencacahan, dan entri data, serta verifikasi data ruta.

Temuan kajian ini antara lain adalah PPLS dinilai mempunyai beberapa kelebihan dibanding pendataan sejenis sebelumnya yang digunakan untuk menentukan penerima program perlindungan sosial, yaitu Pendataan Sosial Ekonomi (PSE) 2005 dan PPLS 2008. Pada PPLS2011 cakupan ruta lebih luas, SOP lebih jelas, tersedia daftar ruta awal sebagai patokan berdasarkan analisis teknis terhadap data sensus, tidak dikaitkan dengan program tertentu, dan informasi yang dikumpulkan tentang ruta lebih rinci. Kritikan yang mengemuka adalah disain program dianggap terlalu sentralistis dan/atau kurang mengakomodasi kriteria sosial ekonomi lokal, sosialisasi program terbatas, kriteria menengah ke bawah tidak jelas, dan terdapat indikasi akan adanya kemungkinan sebagian rumah tangga miskin di beberapa wilayah tidak terdaftar sebagai penerima program (under-coverage).

Kajian ini menghasilkan beberapa rekomendasi penting yang mungkin berguna untuk keperluan pendataan program perlindungan sosial di masa yang akan datang. Pertama, penjelasan yang benar, baik, dan tegas tentang tujuan pendataan harus diberikan kepada semua pemangku kepentingan, termasuk masyarakat umum. Kedua, proses perekrutan tenaga pencacah harus melalui sistem seleksi yang obyektif dan terbuka guna mendapatkan mitra kerja yang berkualitas. Ketiga, tersedia definisi yang tepat dan jelas tentang ruta menengah ke bawah. Keempat kegiatan pelatihan dan pengawasan lapangan harus ditingkatkan.

Kata kunci: kemiskinan, basis data terpadu, kelompok menengah ke bawah, program perlindungan sosial

DAFTAR ISI

UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH
ABSTRAK
DAFTAR ISI
DAFTAR TABEL
DAFTAR GRAFIK
DAFTAR GAMBAR
DAFTAR KOTAK
DAFTAR SINGKATAN DAN AKRONIM
RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF
I. PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang
1.2 Tujuan Penelitian
1.3 Metode Penelitian

II. GAMBARAN TEORITIS PPLS2011

2.1 Sistem Penetapan Sasaran Nasional
2.2 Menuju Unifikasi Data
2.3 Metodologi Penargetan dan Pengumpulan Data

III. PELAKSANAAN PPLS2011

3.1 Petugas Pelaksana Lapangan
3.2 Sosialisasi dan Transparansi Informasi
3.3 Pelatihan
3.4 Penetapan Ruta Sasaran
3.5 Pencacahan Ruta
3.6 Monitoring dan Evaluasi
3.7 Entri Data
3.8 Tanggapan Terhadap PPLS2011

IV. REKOMENDASI KEBIJAKAN
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN