| There will always be those occasions when we fall sick or are in need of
urgent medical attention. Sometimes this is just a routine consultation with the local
doctor, but occasionally there is need for treatment at a hospital or the purchase of
expensive medicine at a dispensary. The expenses incurred on such occasions have always
been a problem for the less-privileged members of society. Consequently, one area of
concern for SMERU over recent months has been the impact of the crisis on primary health
care. In particular we have been interested to see how effective the government's Social
Safety Net Program in the health field has been in enabling poor families to access basic
services. |
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Selalu
akan ada saat ketika kita jatuh sakit atau harus segera berobat. Kadang-kadang hanya
konsultasi rutin dengan dokter setempat, tetapi mungkin juga diperlukan perawatan di Rumah
Sakit, atau harus menebus resep yang mahal harganya di apotik. Biaya-biaya yang harus
dikeluarkan pada saat-saat seperti itu selalu menjadi masalah bagi anggota masyarakat yang
tidak mampu. Karena itu, salah satu perhatian SMERU selama beberapa bulan lalu adalah
seputar dampak krisis terhadap pelayanan kesehatan dasar. SMERU terutama berkepentingan
untuk mengetahui efektivitas program pemerintah Jaring Pengaman Sosial (JPS) di bidang
kesehatan dalam memberikan akses pelayanan kesehatan dasar kepada keluarga-keluarga
miskin. |
Late last year our team of
field researchers visited a number of locations in West Sumatra, Central and East Java,
and South Sulawesi where we interviewed many members of the local community and a range of
health care providers. Some of the key findings from our rapid appraisal are as follows:
- The distribution of Health Cards to the poorest families in the community to enable them
to receive free medical treatment at community health centres and public hospitals has
been of considerable assistance to many people.
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 Profil
suatu keluarga yang baru saja menerima Kartu Sehat di Kecamatan Somba Opu, Kabupaten Gowa,
Sulawesi Selatan
A family who had recently received a Health Card in Kecamatan Somba
Opu, Kabupaten Gowa, South Sulawesi. |
Pada akhir tahun lalu Tim
peneliti SMERU mengunjungi beberapa lokasi di Sumatra Barat, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur,
serta Sulawesi Selatan untuk mewawancarai sejumlah anggota masyarakat setempat dan para
petugas kesehatan. Temuan penting pengamatan cepat kami antara lain adalah:
- Distribusi Kartu Sehat kepada keluarga-keluarga yang paling miskin yang memungkinkan
mereka memperoleh pengobatan medis gratis di Puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit Umum telah cukup
membantu banyak keluarga.
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- However, many poor families have not received Health Cards even though they are
technically eligible. Too many people remain confused or simply do not know how the Health
Card scheme is intended to work. Who is entitled to receive a card? What benefits does it
provide? Which members of the family are covered by the card and for how long? There is an
urgent need for more public information about the program to overcome such problems.
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- Namun, banyak keluarga miskin belum menerima Kartu Sehat meskipun secara teknis mereka
berhak. Banyak anggota masyarakat masih bingung atau tidak mengerti bagaimana seharusnya
cara kerja Kartu Sehat. Siapa yang berhak menerima? Apa manfaatnya? Siapa saja anggota
keluarga yang dapat memanfaatkan kartu dan berlaku untuk berapa lama? Masyarakat umum
masih memerlukan lebih banyak informasi mengenai program ini untuk mengatasi
masalah-masalah di atas.
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Sepasang orang tua dari
Kecamatan Somba Opu telah terpilih sebagai pemegang Kartu Sehat. Sekalipun target ini
memenuhi sasaran, penggunaan kartu tidak terlalu bermanfaat karena keduanya terlalu tua
dan lemah untuk pergi ke Puskesmas sendiri.
An elderly couple from Kecamatan Somba Opu, Kabupaten Gowa in South
Sulawesi, selected as Health Cardholders. Although they met the criteria, the card was not
very useful because both were too old and too weak to travel to the nearest Puskesmas
alone. |
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 Keluarga yang terdiri dari empat orang
ini adalah salah satu dari mereka yang berhak menerima Kartu Sehat di Kabupaten Pasaman,
Sumatra Barat
This family of four was one of those eligible to receive a Health
Card in Kecamatan Pasaman, West Sumatra. |
- Most community health centres and polyclinics in urban areas have experienced a rise in
the number of patients during the crisis period. But in some rural and more remote areas,
poor families have struggled to access these services. Distance and transport costs, which
have risen sharply during the crisis, have been a barrier. In such circumstances, people
are forced to find cheaper and less effective alternatives such as medicines from the
local warung. Many communities also still rely heavily on the services provided by
traditional healers.
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- Kebanyakan Puskesmas dan Poliklinik di wilayah perkotaan selama masa krisis mengalami
kenaikan jumlah pasien. Tetapi di beberapa daerah perdesaan dan daerah terpencil
keluarga-keluarga yang kurang mampu harus berjuang keras untuk memperoleh layanan
kesehatan tersebut. Jarak dan biaya transportasi yang meningkat tinggi selama krisis telah
menjadi hambatan utama. Dalam keadaan seperti itu masyarakat terpaksa mencari pengobatan
alternatif yang lebih murah tetapi kurang efektif, misalnya membeli obat di warung. Banyak
juga masyarakat yang masih sangat tergantung pada pelayanan dukun tradisional.
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Banyak pasien pemegang Kartu Sehat bergerombol antri
di depan salah satu Puskesmas di daerah perkotaan Kecamatan Somba Opu, Kabupaten Gowa,
Sulawesi Selatan. Setelah ada Kartu Sehat, jumlah kunjungan pasien meningkat hingga 200
orang per hari.
A big crowd of Health Card patients in front of a Puskesmas in an
urban center in Kecamatan Somba Opu, Kabupaten Gowa, South Sulawesi. The number of visits
to this Puskesmas has increased by as many as 200 patients per day after Health Cards were
introduced in this area. |
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Di daerah terpencil di Kabupaten Gowa jumlah pengunjung Puskesmas rendah. Secara
umum masyarakat masih sangat menghargai dan mempercayai dukun tradisionil.
The number of visits to Puskesmas has remained low in the remote
areas of Kabupaten Gowa. In general, traditional or alternative healers are still held in
high regard by the community in this area. |

Sebuah Polindes di Desa Guntur, Kecamatan Bener di daerah pegunungan Purworejo.
Tidak hanya wanita hamil dan anak-anak saja yang mengunjungi Polindes, bapak-bapak yang
merasa tidak enak badan setelah bekerja di sawah juga singgah untuk berobat kepada Ibu
Bidan.
A Polindes in Desa Guntur, Kecamatan Bener, in the mountainous area
of Purworejo in Central Java. Not only pregnant women and children came visited this
health facility; men who were feeling ill after working in the sawah stopped by to seek
treatment from the Village Midwife.
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- The village midwives have been at the forefront of primary health care throughout
Indonesia for some time. There has already been a heavy demand on their time as they have
been required to carry out a wide range of duties. However the health SSN program has
imposed an additional burden on these women, especially since they have been made
responsible for much of the administration and reporting that is required by the health
bureaucracy. Some of the impressions from the SMERU team are displayed in the attached
photographs from our visit to various locations. n SMERU
Crisis Impact Team
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- Selama ini Bidan Desa telah menjadi front terdepan pelayanan kesehatan dasar di
Indonesia. Mereka dituntut untuk memberikan waktu dan perhatian yang tinggi karena mereka
harus melaksanakan serentetan tugas. Program JPS Kesehatan telah menambah beban Bidan
Desa, terutama karena mereka bertanggung jawab atas sebagian besar urusan administrasi dan
pelaporan yang dibutuhkan oleh birokrasi kesehatan.
Berikut ini adalah beberapa foto dari hasil pengamatan Tim SMERU ketika berkunjung ke
lapangan. n |
 Masyarakat
perkotaan di Kecamatan Somba Opu, sangat tertarik pada kegiatan-kegiatan yang diadakan di
Posyandu. Terdapat peningkatan nyata jumlah kunjungan pasien segera setelah Posyandu mulai
mendistribusikan makanan tambahan, misalnya tepung beras merah dan kacang kedelai untuk
anak-anak dan ibu-ibu hamil.
Many members of the urban community in Kecamatan Somba Opu,
Kabupaten Gowa, in South Sulawesi have been attracted by activities held at the local
Posyandu. There was a significant increase in the number of visits soon after the Posyandu
started distributing supplementary foods such as brown rice flour and soy beans for
children under five and pregnant mothers. |
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 Salah
satu contoh Puskesmas yang mempunyai 2 loket, satu untuk pemegang Kartu Sehat, dan yang
lainnya untuk pasien umum. Penerima Kartu Sehat tidak malu-malu untuk mendatangi loket
yang terpisah.
An example of a Puskesmas with 2 counters, one for Health
Cardholders and the other one for general patients. The recipients of the Health Cards did
not hesitate to use a separate counter. |